Can
your smoke machines make coloured smoke / can I use coloured smoke
fluid?
No - it is not possible. Use lighting with coloured filters to colour
the smoke or use our red
smoke pellets or for more colours our electrically ignited theatrical
pyrotechnic coloured smoke cartridges.
There is no way to create coloured smoke from a
coloured fog fluid in a smoke machine. In depth answer...
Do
smoke machines / hazers trigger fire alarms?
If the smoke/haze is dense enough, both smoke machines AND HAZERS
will trigger ionisation / optical, vesda (air sampling) or video
smoke detectors/detection systems. "Rate of temperature increase"
detectors will not be activated. A high-end hazer
(eg MVS, Phantom) is slightly less likely to set off smoke detection
systems than a smoke machine.
If you are uncertain of what type of smoke detector
your venue has, consult with the head of maintenance or, as a last
resort, notify the fire department and do a test run.
If you need to test smoke detectors, blasting the
smoke from one of our machines towards the detector will set it
off.
Can
I use any brand of smoke fluid in my smoke machine?
Our job would be so much easier if the answer was 'yes', but the
answer is NO and here's why:
Smoke generators are designed around a specific mixture
of chemicals, with specific boiling ranges. Using a smoke fluid
that, for example, is based on propylene glycol and water, which
has a relatively low boiling range, through a generator set for
glycerine / water (with a much higher boiling range) potentially
can crack the chemical, forming unpleasant and potentially toxic
compounds (acroleins, aldehydes etc). Even changing the % of water
in a mixture can have an effect.
A few years ago all the major UK manufacturers prepared
a joint letter stressing the potential dangers of mixing and matching
smoke chemicals, stressing that so called 'generic smoke fluids'
simply could not be relied upon to produce a consistent and safe
smoke in every generator.
Safe smoke that is non-toxic to breathe in is your
responsibility!
The use of generic smoke chemical in place of the
manufacturer's recommended fluid leaves you wide open to all sorts
of legal recourse relating to health & safety, reliability of
your machine and servicing costs. It simply isn't worth the risk.
Do
smoke machines make you cough?
No they should not - and if you have experienced coughing it may
be due to the operator using a cheap 'generic' smoke fluid to save
money - something we strongly advise against (see question above).
If you have a respiratory condition or are asthmatic, we don't recommend
you go into dense smoke. Occasionally people will experience a psychosomatic
reaction to seeing smoke and cough for the sake of it (even though
the smoke isn't actually causing this reaction in a physical sense).
Can
I use a smoke machine in the UK or Ireland since the public smoking
ban?
The provisions of the Health Act 2006 inasmuch as smoking is concerned
makes the possession of lit tobacco in a smoke-free place an offence.
Therefore, the issue of smoke machines does not feature unless the
smoke comes from lit tobacco - which - from any of our products
- is not the case!
Are
smoke machines toxic?
Not when you use the officially recommended fluid - we wouldn't
be selling them if they were! In depth answer...
Can
I add scent / fragrance additives to smoke fluid so that it has
an aroma?
A technical report carried out by Brunel University on behalf of
the Fire Brigade Union in the UK recommended that any additives
added to smoke chemical to either add scent or colour the chemical
should be removed, as a large number of these additives were found
to be related to known carcinogens. And that's why we don't sell
aroma additives for fog fluid!
Do
you sell second hand units?
Occassionally we do. These are usually ex-hire machines or units
that have been discontinued, but mainly spare parts. Please visit
our clearance page
to see the current list of items we have available. This list is
updated in real-time, so if it's not on the list, we don't have
it!
More specific questions
On this page we aim to answer as many of your smoke
machine / fog generator questions as possible. There are a lot
of questions, and we add to them often. We've tried to order them
logically, but you may wish to do a "Find..." (Shortcut:
Ctrl + F) word search with your internet browser to find just what
you're looking for. If you have a question that you feel should
be on this page, please let us know.
What's the
difference between a smoke machine and a fog machine?
The terms 'smoke machine' and 'fog machine'
both refer to the same type of unit.
'Fog machine' is the term used more in the United States, and 'smoke
machine' is the term mainly used in the United Kingdom and Europe.
Technically, the correct terminology is 'fog machine', as
the dictionary definition of fog is 'liquid particles suspended
in the air' (smoke/fog machines always vapourise liquid), whereas
smoke is 'solid particles suspended in the air'. Tradition along
with product descriptions over the decades has created this moniker
foible.
A smoke machine is an eletro-mechanical unit which
produces clouds of smoke on demand. Smoke machines are used in theatres,
nightclubs, film and television studios, theme parks and other entertainment
applications to produce a smoke or fog effect which creates the
illusion of fog, steam, smoke from a fire, and many other effects.
They are also used to create 'safe smoke' in fire training scenarios,
for leak testing of buildings and containers, testing efficiency
of extraction systems and air flow in wind tunnels. Their size can
range from that of a small water bottle to arena-filling proportions.
A smoke machine, in its simplest terms, is a heating
element which gets very hot, through which special fluid is pumped
and is vapourised, thereby creating smoke vapour which exits the
machine through the nozzle. Electronic circuitry ensures that the
heating block in the smoke machine is kept between certain temperatures
- too hot and the machine turns into a flame thrower - too cold
and it shoots out hot liquid.
The most common type of smoke machine are those which
use a water-based fluid, which is made up mainly of pharmaceutical
grade glycol and water. There may also be other harmless chemicals
in the fluid. Other types of smoke machine include dry ice machines
which create a low lying heavy fog that uses dry ice (solid carbon
dioxide), liquid nitrogen (which also creates a low lying fog),
oil based smoke machines (similar in principle to water based machines,
but uses an oil rather than a water base - the smoke can withstand
much higher temperatures and is much more dense) and hazers (water
based haze generators, mainly used to accentuate lighting than for
conventional 'smoke' effects).
Smoke machines range in price, but as the Romans used
to say, "Talia expensa sic empta" - you get what you pay
for. We sell machines by the most reputable and consistent companies.
It is not in our interest to supply smoke
machines that are unreliable - so we don't!
Smoke machines that are capable of operating continuously
at high output cost more but always have the power available for
larger and more varied applications and will never require a re-heat
dead band.
Pea Soup can only repair the machines we sell.
We can also supply spare parts only for the machines we sell, e.g.
Le Maitre. Please contact us for details. Sorry, but we
do not offer a repair service for the cheap 'domestic' smoke machines
that we do not sell (ie SoundLab, ProSound, Skytec, Argos, etc.)
Yes, for UK delivery we prefer online orders.
We accept Visa, Mastercard Switch, Solo, Maestro, Visa Delta, Visa
Electron, JCB and Eurocard. Click here
to for ordering instructions.
Can I place
my order without a credit / debit card?
Yes. Once you have selected the machine, fluid and/or
accessories you'd like, print off and complete the order
form and send it along with either a cheque for the correct
amount, made payable to 'Pea Soup Ltd.', or with your credit card
details filled in on the order form to the address at the bottom
of the form. Full step-by-step instructions are on the how
to order page. We also accept (and prefer) payment via BACS
bank balance transfer. Contact us for the details. Public Sector: We accept Purchase Orders. We can
accept GPCs (Government Procurement Cards) for payment.
Large Companies: First 3 orders must be paid pro-forma.
Please email or FAX your purchase order to 020
7100 7527.
UK Delivery
We have agreements with certain fog machine manufacturers to sell
to the UK only. If you are a distributor or supplier of smoke machines
in a country other than the UK and would like to act as a distributor,
please contact us.
USA Delivery
Please see our fog
machine page for smoke machines available to USA residents,
most dispatched from the USA.
In theatre, TV & film to create fire effects,
fog (weather) and other special effects, such as low lying mist,
In fire safety training to add realism to the scenario,
In leak testing to visually indicate where there are leaks in buildings,
containers, duct work, extraction, HVAC systems, etc.,
In air flow testing to visualise air currents in rooms,
In wind tunnel testing and to test air flow in tunnels and on designs
of cars, planes, etc.,
At theme parks and on rides to create atmosphere and special effects,
In nightclubs to pick-out beams of light,
For parties, ...
...plus many more uses!
If you need help in choosing a machine your your specific
application, please contact us for friendly
advice. They vary widely in features and price and some are more
appropriate to certain applications than others.
Why not try our smoke
machine selector to choose a smoke machine suitable
for your requirement?
Why should
I get a professional machine instead of a cheaper version?
Professional machines are built to last for years
of heavy operation either in fixed installations or in mobile applications.
Most have no 'dead band', which means that they're always ready
to make smoke on cue. They'll also be able to create lots more smoke
a lot more quickly than cheap machines. Cheaper machines often automatically
disable the pump while they're heating back up to temperature, and
if you're using the machine in a time sensitive operation (in the
theatre for example where you have set cues for smoke to appear),
this re-heating dead band could be happening when you need to operate
the machine on cue. The dead band may last for up to 1 minute -
perhaps longer. Many professional machines have the ability to create
continuous thick, dry, white fog output, and can create huge amounts
of fog on demand.
We sell so many of our smoke machines to customers
who have previously bought machines for £40.00 from other
retailers which have failed after only a few weeks. In the long
run, it's false economy to use these 'toy' machines for use in professional
applications. You'll notice a huge difference when you buy a machine
"fit for purpose".
Not if used sensibly. The only danger involved is
if the cases are opened (thus the risk of an electric shock - as
with every electical applicance) or if the casing of certain units
are touched (they can get very hot and may burn you). The smoke
which comes out of the smoke nozzle can also be very hot and often
there are notices on the machine itself warning of this. Under no
circumstances should you touch the nozzle that the smoke comes out
of - this will always be very hot when the unit is switched on (and
for quite a long time after it is switched off until it cools down).
Manufacturers often warn that you shouldn't install the machine
where the public can touch it or touch the hot smoke being generated.
The recommended distance ranges from 50cm - 3 metres. If you need
the smoke to appear in a public area, one way to get round this
safety recommendation is to use ducting to allow you to keep the
machine well away. Smoke machines should always be used in a well
ventilated area. In case the unit's temperature control malfunctions,
it is also wise not to install a machine above people's heads.
You must be very careful when using dry ice smoke machines in confined
spaces, as the carbon dioxide produced displaces oxygen in the air
and can cause suffocation. Actors shouldn't really lie down in the
smoke. There are alternatives to dry ice for low lying smoke, such
as chiller units for normal smoke machines and special all-in-one
low smoke generators. Think of the poor musicians in the orchestra
pit! The moisture in the cloud of dry ice fog sometimes de-tunes
their instruments. Check with the machine's manual for details.
You must use the fluid recommended by the manufacturer of the machine.
Using other fluid could not only damage the machine (and void the
warranty) but also create toxins in the smoke. Even a slight change
in the mixture of smoke fluid can cause this. Safe, non-toxic smoke
is your responsibility!
The smoke that is produced from the water or oil based
smoke machines that we sell is non-toxic and safe when you use the
correct manufacturers fluid. For more information, please read the
health & safety documents for each type of smoke fluid we supply,
which can be found on each smoke fluid product information page.
For certain people with asthma or breathing problems, dense smoke
can cause eye, nose and throat irritation. It's not advisable to
make or use home-made fluid mixture. Always use professionally made
fluid. Non-toxic smoke is your responsibility. This link may be
useful to you: ESTA
- fog and smoke working group
- examining the effects of fog and smoke on health. There are other
links to smoke & health related web sites on the Links
page.
What safety
advice is there for smoke machine use?
For water/oil based machines:
The nozzle and sometimes parts of the casing of the smoke machine
(except handle) get very hot. Don't touch the hot areas. The areas
that get hot usually have a warning note on them. The smoke that
comes out of the nozzle is fairly hot and it is always advisable
not to go any closer than 50cm in front of it. It shouldn't be installed
where the public can get closer than 50 cm from the smoke from the
nozzle. Smoke machines shouldn't be installed directly over the
public's head. Sometimes they can spit hot fluid out of their nozzle
which can burn. Smoke machines are very high power electrical units,
often using more than 1kW of electricity, so
be careful not to use them in wet places such as outside in the
rain.
For dry ice machines:
Dry ice is sub zero and can cause frostbite if handled with bare
hands. Always use special gloves to handle dry ice. Dry ice shouldn't
be kept in airtight containers.
Don't let people lie down in dry ice fog. They could suffocate.
Dry ice machines boil water. This is not only very hot but very
heavy too, so it's advisable not to struggle lifting these heavy
machines alone.
ALSO: Please be careful when refilling smoke machines
- mop up any spills, as people can slip on any fluid left on the
floor (it is more slippery than water).
We supply different smoke fluids that will disperse
at different rates. Some, such as Le
Maitre's Extra Quick Dispersing fluid can disperse as quickly
as steam - disappearing seconds shortly after exiting the smoke
machine nozzle, making it great for effects where a large build
up of fog is not wanted, other fluids make smoke that hangs in the
air for hours. Our oil
based smoke generator's smoke will hang for 3 - 4 hours - even
in hot environments. It all depends on the application and the smoke
machine you are using, but if the smoke machine is in a theatre
or other location where ventilation is an issue, a fairly quick
dispersing fluid should be used so that the location doesn't get
fogged up too quickly. A nightclub would normally use a long lasting
fluid so the smoke picks out light beams and so that they don't
have to keep activating the smoke machine which tends to bring attention
to itself (or ideally use a hazer).
How long
do smoke machines take to heat up for operation?
Some conventional machines take a minute or two, some
five or ten, and some longer. Usually the heat-up time is mentioned
on our product information page. Many non-professional (cheaper)
smoke machines will have a 'dead-band' which is when the smoke machine
needs to re-heat and stops itself from being operated while this
happens. This can be a problem when in a situation where smoke needs
to appear on cue such as on television or at a theatre, but is ususally
fine for parties or home use when this isn't so much of an issue.
Security smoke machines take only a few seconds to heat up.
After a while, smoke machines can get clogged up with
ash and carbon - a by-product of heating smoke fluid. Smoke fluid
can be quite a viscous liquid, so it's almost unavoidable that the
machine gets clogged over time. To avoid it happening, follow the
instructions you get with your smoke machine with regards to cleaning
it. Some suggest a litre of distilled water for every 5 litres of
fluid that the machine uses, others suggest water and white vinegar
after 40 hours of continuous operation. They may also instruct you
to take parts of the nozzle to bits and brush them clean, as they
can also become coated in carbon. This is when a maintainable heating
block is useful, as found in our own brand machines. We supply oil
based smoke generators that self-purge themselves after each
smoke issue, meaning the heating block never gets clogged.
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide gas. It's called dry
ice because when it 'melts' it changes in state from a solid directly
to a gas without ever becoming a liquid. This process is called
sublimation. When dry ice is
put into boiling water it sublimates and creates these clouds of
thick heavy fog which clings to the ground (because it is cold and
more dense than air). The fog is odourless and colourless as it
is literally clouds of water droplets (and it can therefore leave
the stage slightly wet). The Peasouper
is a dry ice machine that self-contains this effect
for convenient use.
What's the
difference between dry ice, liquid nitrogen, oil and water based
smoke machines?
Dry ice and liquid nitrogen smoke machines both create
a heavy low lying fog effect. The materials they use to create this
are often difficult and expensive to get hold of for most people,
hard to store, and the effect can now be easily created on demand
by new electronic water based versions. Disney theme parks use LN2
foggers as it gives a superb and reliable effect and leaves no residue
or chemical mess. It also disperses quickly and causes no irritation
to even sensitive asthmatics (the majority of the air we breathe
is nitrogen). Oil based smoke machines produce smoke than can withstand
much higher temperatures than water based fog. Ideal for fire safety
training which may also include real flames (water based smoke would
simply disappear into the flames if used in conjunction with them).
Oil based machines that we supply are less toxic - the hang time
of the smoke is so long that you have less chemical in the air than
with water based systems. They are ideal for fire training scenarios,
as the smoke doesn't layer or disappear at high temperatures like
that of a water based smoke. Water based machines are now the 'standard'
smoke machine in entertainment applications. There are many different
types of water based fluid which hang in the air for hours or disperse
quickly like steam. It's possibly the safest type of machine which
is one of the reasons why it's the most popular.
Fog chillers cool the conventional 'hot' smoke from
a conventional smoke machine to sub-zero temperatures so that it
sinks to the ground with a similar effect to that of dry ice or
liquid nitrogen. They can save money in the long-term, as dry ice
and liquid nitrogen is expensive to deliver and doesn't last very
long, even if correctly stored. Special molecular or quick dispersing
fluid is often used with fog chillers for two reasons - it makes
the fog last the same length of time that dry ice fog would before
disappearing, and if longer lasting fluid was used when the smoke
warms up again it will rise and fill the room with normal fog that
hangs in the air.
Le Maitre make two chiller units. They convert fog from the normal
smoke machine into heavy fog by chilling the fog to sub-zero temperatures
using a liquid CO2 cylinder. It's so much more easy and convienient
than dry ice and more easily stored for longer lengths of time.
Other chiller units are simply large refridgeration systems. They're
very expensive and use a lot of power.
Be aware that some 'fog chillers' require you to put dry ice or
conventional water ice into them to chill the fog (which doesn't
make them as convienient as chillers that don't use ice, but the
dry ice will last longer).
A proper hazer is a machine that creates a very fine
haze which is used to enhance lighting beams. Hazers don't create
clouds of thick smoke like smoke machines for special effects. They're
favoured by television studios as the haze is almost invisible (for
the cameras to see through it) yet it picks out light beams like
smoke does. Don't be confused with cheap hazers which are actually
no more than a small smoke machine with a fan. We don't sell those.
Hazers available.
What is the
difference between a smoke machine and a hazer?
Smoke machines create thick white smoke, whereas hazers
create a thinner haze which can be seen when beams of light strike
it. Hazers are often used when the blast of smoke from a smoke machine
would be too intrusive or noisy. The visibility of smoke created
by smoke machines means they're used for special effects, fire training,
and all of the other applications mentioned on this site. Hazers
can be left to operate continuously and inconspicuously.
Check out our list of all smoke
fluid we sell for prices. It can differ considerably
for the more specialist mixes such as those which create a fog that
disperses quickly or that is specially designed for use in the fog
chiller units mentioned in an earlier question. Different fluid
types made by different manufacturers cost different amounts, which
is why generic smoke fluids have been made and are sold worldwide.
On the container it will say "suitable for use in most smoke
machines". This is potentially dangerous. Only the recommended
fluid should be used in your machine - see next question.
Do I have
to use the fluid that the manufacturer makes for my machine?
This is a very good question. When you buy a smoke
machine, the instruction manual you receive with it will tell you
that you must use fluid that has been made by the same manufacturer
for that machine. Using other types of fluid will invalidate the
warranty and could damage the machine. Other fluids may work in
the machine, but by no means all. They may create a sub-standard
smoke that is unpleasant to breathe and could damage your health.
They could also damage your machine. If you do use another manufacturer's
fluid in your machine and need to get it repaired under warranty,
the first thing the service engineer will do is use a special indicator
to see if you've used the correct fluid or not. You will either
then be charged for the repair, or it will be sent back to you unrepaired.
If you want to see your smoke machine last a long time, we recommend
you use the manufacturer's fluid. It will be optimised for use in
your machine.
The main reason smoke generator manufacturers state
that the chemical used should be their own is that generators are
designed around a specific mixture of chemicals, with specific boiling
ranges. Using a smoke fluid that for example is based on propylene
glycol /water, which has a relatively low boiling range, through
a generator set for glycerine / water (with a much higher boiling
range) potentially can crack the chemical, forming unpleasant and
potentially toxic compounds (acroleins, aldehydes etc). Even changing
the % of water in a mixture can have an effect.
A couple of years ago all the major UK manufacturers
prepared a joint letter stressing the dangers, or more accurately
potential dangers of mixing and matching smoke chemicals, stressing
that so called generic smoke chemicals simply could not be relied
upon to produce a consistent and safe smoke in every generator.
The use of generic smoke chemical in place of the
manfacturer's recommended fluid leaves you wide open to all sorts
of legal recourse relating to health & safety, reliability of
your machine and servicing costs.
Safe smoke that is non-toxic to breathe in is your
responsibility.
Manufacturers use very pure pharmaceutical grade ingredients
which have an impurity factor of one per billion or similar (very
pure) plus the cost of transportation of bulky heavy fluid containers.
Hazer fluid is generally more expensive than smoke machine fluid,
as it tends to have less water in it than more traditional glycol
based fog fluid.
Because the ice is cold (sub-zero) but never gets
wet when it melts because it sublimates (see earlier question) turning
directly from a solid to a gas without ever becoming a liquid (unlike
water ice).
No. Fluid that creates coloured fog has been tried,
has never satisfactorily worked without seriously damaging the smoke
machine and is not available anywhere. The best way to make coloured
smoke is to use normal smoke fluid (white smoke) and to colour wash
the smoke with coloured lighting. The white fog particles defract
the light and make it look like coloured smoke.
You may see certain smoke fluids are coloured themselves
(usually green, red, blue, pink) but the smoke released is white.
This is simply a colour indicator to let you know what type of fluid
it is in the bottle so you don't confuse them (say, quick dispersing
or long lasting).
Intelligent lights are light fixtures whose beams
move and change colour and pattern. They can either use a mirror
which moves the projected beam of light (scans or scanners), or
move the whole lantern body (moving head). They often use DMX control
via a computerised control system. Often used at concerts, discotheques,
outdoor events, on TV and in the theatre.
